The ground-state electron configuration, ground level, and ionization energy of the elements hydrogen through Haasium are listed in this table. See the references for details of the notation for Pa, U, and Np. Ionization energies to higher states (and more precise values of the first ionization energy for certain elements) may be found in the table “Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions” in Section 10 of this CRC Handbook. Column headings for the table are defined as follows.
Column heading | Definition |
Z | Element atomic number |
Symbol | Element symbol |
Element | Element name |
Ground-state configuration | Electronic configuration of the ground-state; electron configurations of elements heavier than neon are shortened by using rare-gas element symbols in brackets to represent the corresponding electrons |
Ground Level | Spectroscopic notation of ground state; an * indicates the ionization energy is uncertain |
Ionization energy | Ionization energy in eV |
Z | Symbol | Element | Ground-state configuration | Ground level | Ionization energy (eV) |
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1 | H | Hydrogen | 1s | 2S1/2 | 13.5984345997 |
2 | He | Helium | 1s2 | 1S0 | 24.587389011 |
3 | Li | Lithium | 1s2 2s | 2S1/2 | 5.391714996 |
4 | Be | Beryllium | 1s2 2s2 | 1S0 | 9.322699 |
5 | B | Boron | 1s2 2s2 2p | 2Po1/2 | 8.298019 |
6 | C | Carbon | 1s2 2s2 2p2 | 3P0 | 11.2602880 |
7 | N | Nitrogen | 1s2 2s2 2p3 | 4So3/2 | 14.53413 |
8 | O | Oxygen | 1s2 2s2 2p4 | 3P2 | 13.618055 |
9 | F | Fluorine | 1s2 2s2 2p5 | 2Po3/2 | 17.42282 |
10 | Ne | Neon | 1s2 2s2 2p6 | 1S0 | 21.564541 |
11 | Na | Sodium | [Ne] 3s | 2S1/2 | 5.13907696 |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | [Ne] 3s2 | 1S0 | 7.646236 |
13 | Al | Aluminum | [Ne] 3s2 3p | 2Po1/2 | 5.985769 |
14 | Si | Silicon | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | 3P0 | 8.15168 |
15 | P | Phosphorus | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | 4So3/2 | 10.486686 |
16 | S | Sulfur | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 | 3P2 | 10.36001 |
17 | Cl | Chlorine | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 | 2Po3/2 | 12.967633 |
18 | Ar | Argon | [Ne] 3s2 3p6 | 1S0 | 15.7596119 |
19 | K | Potassium | [Ar] 4s | 2S1/2 | 4.34066373 |
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