PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The basic physical constants and structure diagrams for 10,867 organic compounds are presented in this table. An effort has been made to include the compounds most frequently encountered in the laboratory, the workplace, and the environment. Particular emphasis has been given to substances that are considered environmental or human health hazards. In making the selection of compounds for the table, added weight was assigned to the appearance of a compound in various lists or reference sources such as:

• Laboratory reagent lists, e.g., the ACS Reagent Chemicals volume (Ref. 1)
• The DIPPR list of industrially important compounds (Ref. 2) and the (much larger) TSCA Inventory of chemicals used in commerce.
• The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (Ref. 3)
• The UNEP list of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Ref. 4)
• Chemicals on Reporting Rules (CORR), a database of about 7500 regulated compounds prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency (Ref. 5)
• The EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), a database of human health effects of exposure to chemicals in the environment (Ref. 6)
• Compendia of chemicals of biochemical or medical importance, such as The Merck Index (Ref. 10)
• Specialized tables in this CRC Handbook

It should be noted that the above lists vary widely in their choice of chemical names, and even in the use of Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers. n this table we have used the same names that are used throughout the CRC Handbook.

Clearly, criteria of this type are somewhat subjective, and compounds considered important by some users have undoubtedly been omitted. Suggestions for additional compounds or other improvements are welcomed.

The data in the table have been derived from many sources, including both the primary literature and evaluated compilations. The Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, Third Edition (Ref. 7) and the Combined Chemical Dictionary (Ref. 8) were important sources. Other useful sources of physical property data on organic compounds are listed in Refs. 9-19. The values in the table for the normal boiling point and the melting point that are accompanied with uncertainties (in parentheses) have been critically evaluated using the NIST ThermoData Engine (TDE, Ref. 20), designed to implement the dynamic data evaluation concept (Refs. 21-24). This concept requires large electronic databases capable of storing essentially all relevant experimental data known to date with detailed descriptions of metadata and uncertainties. The combination of these electronic databases with expert-system software, designed to automatically generate recommended property values based on available experimental and predicted data, leads to the ability to produce critically evaluated data dynamically or “to order.” The uncertainties listed are combined expanded uncertainties (level of confidence, approximately 95 %) representing the most comprehensive measure of the overall data reliability (Refs. 25-28).

The table is arranged alphabetically by substance name, which generally is either an IUPAC systematic name or, in the case of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other complex compounds, a simple trivial name. Names in ubiquitous use, such as acetic acid and formaldehyde, are adopted rather than their systematic equivalents. A synonym is given in the column following the primary name, and the structure diagram is given in the next column. The structure can be enlarged, copied, etc. by right-clicking on the diagram. The explanation of the data columns follows:

• No.: An identification number used in the book indexes.
• Name: Primary name of the substance
• Synonym: A synonym in common use. When the primary name is non-systematic, a systematic name may appear here.
• Mol. Form.: The molecular formula written in the Hill convention.
• CAS Reg. No.: Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number for the compound.
• Beilstein Reg. No.: A compound identifier used in the Beilstein database.
• Mol. Wt: Molecular weight (relative molar mass) as calculated with the 2001 IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights.
• Physical Form: A notation of the physical phase, color, crystal type, or other features of the compound at ambient temperature. Abbreviations are given below.
• mp: Normal melting point in °C. A value is sometimes followed by “dec”, indicating decomposition is observed at the stated temperature (so that it is probably not a true melting point). The notation “tp” indicates a triple point, where solid, liquid, and gas are in equilibrium. A number in parentheses following the melting point value is the combined expanded uncertainty (see above).
• bp: Normal boiling point in °C, if it is available. This is the temperature at which the liquid phase is in equilibrium with the vapor at a pressure of 760 mmHg (101.325 kPa). A number in parentheses following the boiling point value is the combined expanded uncertainty (see above). A notation “sp” following the value indicates a sublimation point, where the vapor pressure of the solid phase reaches 760 mmHg. When a notation such as “dec” (decomposes) or “exp” (explodes) follows the value, the temperature may not be a true boiling point. A simple entry “sub” indicates the solid has a significant sublimation pressure at ambient temperatures. When the normal boiling point is not available, a boiling point at reduced pressure may be listed with a superscript indicating the pressure in mmHg.
• Other bp: Boiling point at the reduced pressure in mmHg indicated by the superscript.
• den: Density (mass per unit volume) in g cm^-3. The temperature in °C is indicated by a superscript. Values refer to the liquid or solid phase, and all values are true densities, not specific gravities. The number of decimal places gives a rough estimate of the accuracy of the value.
• n_D: Refractive index, at the temperature in °C indicated by the superscript. Unless otherwise indicated, all values refer to a wavelength of 589 nm (sodium D line). Values are given only for liquids and solids.
• s: Aqueous solubility in units of grams of the compound per kilogram of water.
• vp: Vapor pressure at 25 °C in kPa (1 kPa = 7.5 mmHg)
• Solubility: Qualitative indication of solubility in common solvents. Abbreviations are:

Abbreviations for solvents are given below.

The assistance of members of the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Vladimir Diky, Rob Chirico, Andrei Kazakov) and especially Chris Muzny and Michael Frenkel in the determination of values of the normal-boiling-point and melting-point temperatures with uncertainties is greatly appreciated. The editors of the CRC Handbook are much indebted to Chris Muzny who spent countless hours in producing these critically evaluated results. The assistance of Fiona Macdonald in checking names and formulas is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the efforts of Janice Shackleton, Trupti Desai, Nazila Kamaly, Matt Griffiths, and Lawrence Braschi in preparing the structure diagrams.

List of Abbreviations

References

1. American Chemical Society, Reagent Chemicals, Tenth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005.
2. Design Institute for Physical Properties, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, <www.aiche.org/dippr/>.
3. National Library of Medicine, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, <toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgenHSDB>.
4. United Nations Environmental Program, Persistent Organic Pollutants, <www.chem.unep.ch/pops/>.
5. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemicals on Reporting Rules, <www.epa.gov/opptintr/CORR>.
6. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System, <www.epa.gov/iris/index.html>.
7. Lide, D. R., and Milne, G. W. A., Editors, Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, Third Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
8. Combined Chemical Dictionary, <ccd.chemnetbase.com/>.
9. Linstrom, P. J., and Mallard, W. G., Editors, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69, February 2010, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, <webbook.nist.gov>.
10. Thermodynamic Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, TRC Thermodynamic Tables, <trc.nist.gov>.
11. O’Neil, M. J., Editor, The Merck Index, 14th Edition, Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2006.
12. Stevenson, R. M., and Malanowski, S., Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, 1987. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2]
13. Riddick, J. A., Bunger, W. B., and Sakano, T. K., Organic Solvents, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.
14. ChemSpider, <www.chemspider.com/>.
15. Crossfire Beilstein, <accelrys.com/products/>.
16. Springer Materials, The Landolt-Börnstein Database, <www.springermaterials.com>.
17. Vargaftik, N.B., Vinogradov, Y. K., and Yargin, V. S., Handbook of Physical Properties of Liquids and Gases, Third Edition, Begell House, New York, 1996.
18. Lide, D. R., and Kehiaian, H. V., Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
19. Lide, D. R., Editor, Properties of Organic Compounds, <www.chemnetbase.com/tours/poc/intro.jsf>.
20. Frenkel, M., Chirico, R. D., Diky, V. V., Kazakov, A., and Muzny, C. D., ThermoData Engine, NIST Standard Reference Database 103b, Version 5.0 (Pure Compounds, Binary Mixtures, and Chemical Reactions, TDE-SOURCE Version 5.1), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD – Boulder, CO, 2010, <www.nist.gov/srd/nist103b.cfm>.
21. Frenkel, M., Chirico, R. D., Diky, V., Yan, X., Dong, Q., and Muzny, C., J. Chem. Inf. Model. 45, 816, 2005. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ci050067b]
22. Diky, V., Muzny, C. D., Lemmon, E. W., Chirico, R. D., and Frenkel, M., J. Chem. Inf. Model. 47, 1713, 2007. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ci700071t]
23. Diky, V., Chirico, R. D., Kazakov, A. F., Muzny, C., and Frenkel, M., J. Chem. Inf. Model. 49, 503, 2009. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ci800345e]
24. Diky, V., Chirico, R. D., Kazakov, A. F., Muzny, C., and Frenkel, M., J. Chem. Inf. Model. 49, 2883, 2009. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900340k]
25. Chirico, R. D., Frenkel, M., Diky, V. V., March, K. N., and Wilhoit, R. C., J. Chem. Eng. Data 48, 1344, 2003. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je034088i]
26. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
27. U.S. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, ANSI/NCSL, Z540-2-1997, ISBN 1-58464-005-7, NCSL Int., Boulder, CO, 1997.
28. Taylor, B. N., and Kuyatt, C. E., Guidelines for the Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in NIST Measurement Results, NIST Tech. Note 1297, Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, 1994.

Physical Constants of Organic Compounds

	Name	Synonym	Structure	Mol. form.	CAS Reg. No.	Beilstein Reg. No.	Mol. wt.	Physical form	tmp/ºC	tbp/ºC	Other bp/ºC	ρ/g cm-3	nD	s/g kg-1	vp/kPa (25 °C)	Solubility
Continued on next page...
1	Abate	Temephos		C16H20O6P2S3	3383-96-8		466.469	cry	31.6(5)			1.32				sl H2O, hx; s ctc, eth, tol
2	Abietic acid	Sylvic acid		C20H30O2	514-10-3	2221451	302.451	mcl pl (al-w)	173.5	439.5	2509	1.0625				vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH
3	Abscisic acid			C15H20O4	21293-29-8	2698956	264.318	cry (chl-peth)	160	120 subl						vs ace, eth, chl
4	Acacetin	5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one		C16H12O5	480-44-4	277879	284.263	ye nd (95% al)	263							vs EtOH
5	Acebutolol, (±)-			C18H28N2O4	37517-30-9		336.426	cry	121
6	Acedapsone			C16H16N2O4S	77-46-3	2164071	332.374	pa ye nd (eth) lf (dil al)	290							sl H2O
7	Acenaphthene	1,2-Dihydroacenaphthylene		C12H10	83-32-9	386081	154.207		93(2)	277.5(8)		1.22220	1.604895	0.0038025		i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; vs bz; s HOAc
8	Acenaphthylene	Acenaphthalene		C12H8	208-96-8	774092	152.192		89.4(3)	280		0.898716		0.01620	0.001	i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; sl chl
9	1,2-Acenaphthylenedione			C12H6O2	82-86-0	879172	182.175	ye nd (HOAc)	259(9)	subl		1.480020				i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, HOAc; s lig
10	Acenocoumarol	Nicoumalone		C19H15NO6	152-72-7		353.325	cry (ace aq)	198							i H2O
11	Acephate	Phosphoramidothioic acid, acetyl-, O,S-dimethyl ester		C4H10NO3PS	30560-19-1		183.166		92.0(5)			1.3520		≈39020
12	Acepromazine	1-[10-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-10H-phenothiazin-2-yl]ethanone		C19H22N2OS	61-00-7	40187	326.455	oran oil			2300.5
13	Acesulfame			C4H5NO4S	33665-90-6		163.153	nd (bz)	123.2							s bz, chl
14	Acetaldehyde	Ethanal		C2H4O	75-07-0	505984	44.052	vol liq or gas	-123.4(7)	20.8(6)		0.783418	1.331620		120	msc H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; sl chl
15	Acetaldehyde phenylhydrazone			C8H10N2	935-07-9		134.178		99.5		15040, 13521					vs EtOH
16	Acetaldoxime	Acetaldehyde oxime		C2H5NO	107-29-9	1209252	59.067	nd	25(1)	115.24(10)		0.965620	1.426420			s H2O, chl; msc EtOH, eth
17	Acetamide	Ethanamide		C2H5NO	60-35-5	1071207	59.067	trg mcl (al-eth)	80.16(4)	222.0		0.998685	1.4278	68920		vs H2O, EtOH
18	Acetanilide	N-Phenylacetamide		C8H9NO	103-84-4	606468	135.163		114.35(4)	292(9)		1.219015		5.220		sl H2O; vs EtOH, ace; s eth, s bz, tol
19	Acetazolamide	N-[5-(Aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide		C4H6N4O3S2	59-66-5	212994	222.246		260.5					1.030		sl H2O