Section: 5 | Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances |

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STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

This table gives the standard state chemical thermodynamic properties of about 2500 individual substances in the crystalline, liquid, and gaseous states. For each state, the standard molar enthalpy of formation, standard molar Gibbs energy of formation, standard molar entropy, and molar heat capacity at constant pressure, all at 298.15 K, are given in consecutive columns. Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Name	Name of chemical substance; substances are listed alphabetically by chemical name
Mol. form.	Molecular formula
Δ_fH°	Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15 K, in units of kJ mol^-1; in the parentheses, (c) = crystalline state, (l) = liquid state, and (g) = gaseous state
Δ_fG°	Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15 K, in units of kJ mol^-1; in the parentheses, (c) = crystalline state, (l) = liquid state, and (g) = gaseous state
S°	Standard molar entropy at 298.15 K in units of J mol^-1 K^-1; in the parentheses, (c) = crystalline state, (l) = liquid state, and (g) = gaseous state
*C_p*	Molar heat capacity at constant pressure at 298.15 K in units of J mol^-1 K^-1, in the parentheses, (c) = crystalline state, (l) = liquid state, and (g) = gaseous state

The standard state pressure is 100 kPa (1 bar). The standard states are defined for different phases by:

The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance as a (hypothetical) ideal gas at the standard state pressure.
The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure.
The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the crystalline substance under the standard state pressure.

An entry of 0.0 for Δ_fH° for an element indicates the reference state of that element. See Refs. 1 and 2 for further information on reference states. A blank means no value is available.

The data are derived from the sources listed in the references, other papers appearing in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, and the primary research literature. We are indebted to M. V. Korobov for providing data on fullerene compounds.

References

Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989.
Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Schumm, R. H., Halow, I., Bailey, S. M., Churney, K. L., and Nuttall, R. L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, 1982.
Chase, M. W., Davies, C. A., Downey, J. R., Frurip, D. J., McDonald, R. A., and Syverud, A. N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 14, Suppl. 1, 1985.
Chase, M. W., NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998.
Daubert, T. E., Danner, R. P., Sibul, H. M., and Stebbins, C. C., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds: Data Compilation, extant 1994 (core with 4 supplements), Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA.
Pedley, J. B., Naylor, R. D., and Kirby, S. P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Second Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1986. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4099-4_1]
Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 1994.
Domalski, E. S., and Hearing, E. D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase, Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 25, 1–525, 1996. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985]
Zabransky, M., Ruzicka, V., Majer, V., and Domalski, E. S., Heat Capacity of Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996.
Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989.
Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
Linstrom, P. J., and Mallard, W. G., Editors, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. <http://webbook.nist.gov>

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Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances

Name	Synonym	Mol. form.	Formula	Mol. wt.	CAS Reg. No.	Δ_fH°(c)/kJ mol^-1	Δ_fG°(c)/kJ mol^-1	S°(c)/J mol^-1 K^-1	C_p(c)/J mol^-1 K^-1	Δ_fH°(l)/kJ mol^-1	Δ_fG°(l)/kJ mol^-1	S°(l)/J mol^-1 K^-1	C_p(l)/J mol^-1 K^-1	Δ_fH°(g)/kJ mol^-1	Δ_fG°(g)/kJ mol^-1	S°(g)/J mol^-1 K^-1	C_p(g)/J mol^-1 K^-1
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Acenaphthene	1,2-Dihydroacenaphthylene	C₁₂H₁₀	C₁₂H₁₀	154.207	83-32-9	70.3		188.9	190.4					156.0
Acenaphthylene	Acenaphthalene	C₁₂H₈	C₁₂H₈	152.192	208-96-8	186.7			166.4					259.7
Acetaldehyde	Ethanal	C₂H₄O	CH₃CHO	44.052	75-07-0					-192.2	-127.6	160.2	89.0	-166.2	-133.0	263.8	55.3
Acetamide	Ethanamide	C₂H₅NO	CH₃CONH₂	59.067	60-35-5	-317.0		115.0	91.3					-238.3
Acetanilide	N-Phenylacetamide	C₈H₉NO		135.163	103-84-4	-209.4			179.3
Acetic acid	Ethanoic acid	C₂H₄O₂	CH₃COOH	60.052	64-19-7					-484.3	-389.9	159.8	123.3	-432.2	-374.2	283.5	63.4
Acetic anhydride	Acetyl acetate	C₄H₆O₃	C₄H₆O₃	102.089	108-24-7					-624.4				-572.5
Acetone	2-Propanone	C₃H₆O	(CH₃)₂CO	58.079	67-64-1					-248.4		199.8	126.3	-217.1	-152.7	295.3	74.5
Acetone cyanohydrin		C₄H₇NO	C₄H₇NO	85.105	75-86-5					-120.9
Acetonitrile	Methyl cyanide	C₂H₃N	CH₃CN	41.052	75-05-8					40.6	86.5	149.6	91.5	74.0	91.9	243.4	52.2
Acetophenone	Methyl phenyl ketone	C₈H₈O	C₆H₅C=OCH₃	120.149	98-86-2					-142.5				-86.7
Acetyl bromide	Ethanoyl bromide	C₂H₃BrO	CH₃COBr	122.948	506-96-7					-223.5				-190.4
Acetyl chloride	Ethanoyl chloride	C₂H₃ClO	CH₃COCl	78.497	75-36-5					-272.9	-208.0	200.8	117.0	-242.8	-205.8	295.1	67.8
Acetylene	Ethyne	C₂H₂	HC≡CH	26.037	74-86-2									227.4	209.9	200.9	44.0
Acetyl fluoride	Ethanoyl fluoride	C₂H₃FO	CH₃COF	62.042	557-99-3					-467.2				-442.1
Acetyl iodide	Ethanoyl iodide	C₂H₃IO	CH₃COI	169.948	507-02-8					-163.5				-126.4
2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid	C₉H₈O₄	C₉H₈O₄	180.158	50-78-2	-815.6
9-Acridinamine	Aminacrine	C₁₃H₁₀N₂		194.231	90-45-9	159.2
Acridine	Dibenzo[b,e]pyridine	C₁₃H₉N		179.217	260-94-6	179.4								273.9

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