Section: 5 | Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids |

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ENTHALPY OF DILUTION OF ACIDS

The quantity given in this table is –∆_dilH, the negative of the enthalpy (heat) of dilution to infinite dilution for aqueous solutions of several common acids; i.e., the negative of the enthalpy change when a solution of molality m at a temperature of 25 °C is diluted with an infinite amount of water. The tabulated numbers thus represent the heat produced (or, if the value is negative, the heat absorbed) when the acid is diluted from the initial molality m to infinite dilution.

It is sometimes useful to have the dilution ratio, which is the number of moles of water that must be added to one mole of acid to produce a solution of desired molality. This may be calculated from the relation: dilution ratio = 55.506/m, where m is in mol/kg. Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Mol. form.	Molecular formula of the acid
–∆_dilH(concen)	Negative heat of dilution at 25 °C, in kJ mol^-1 at concentration (molality)

Reference

Parker, V. B., Thermal Properties of Aqueous Uni-univalent Electrolytes, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. - Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 2, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965. [https://doi.org/10.6028/NBS.NSRDS.2]

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Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids at 25 °C as a Function of Concentration (Molality)
All Values in kJ mol^-1

Name	Mol. form.	CAS Reg. No.	Mol. wt.	0.000111 m	0.000555 m	0.00111 m	0.00278 m	0.00555 m	0.01110 m	0.01388 m	0.01850 m	0.02775 m	0.05 m	0.05551 m	0.0617 m	0.0694 m	0.0793 m	0.0925 m	0.1 m	0.2 m	0.5 m	0.5551 m	1 m	1.5 m	2 m	2.5 m	3 m	3.5 m	4 m	4.5 m	5 m	5.5506 m	6 m	7 m	8 m	9 m	15 m	20 m	55.506 m
Hydrogen fluoride	HF	7664-39-3	20.006	1.255	3.766	5.439	7.531	8.912	9.874	10.25	10.66	11.29	12.24	12.42	12.50	12.61	12.70	12.79	12.80	13.09	13.20	13.22	13.30	13.36	13.40	13.43	13.45	13.47	13.53	13.58	13.62	13.66	13.69	13.73	13.77	13.81	14.34	14.88
Hydrogen chloride	HCl	7647-01-0	36.461	0.021	0.042	0.067	0.105	0.142	0.197	0.226	0.251	0.310	0.406	0.427	0.448	0.473	0.502	0.540	0.556	0.761	1.172	1.234	1.695	2.167	2.623	3.063	3.506	3.958	4.402	4.899	5.318	5.841	6.268	7.217	8.201	9.213	15.40	19.87	45.61
Hydrogen bromide	HBr	10035-10-6	80.912	0.021	0.038	0.054	0.092	0.130	0.184	0.205	0.234	0.285	0.372	0.385	0.406	0.427	0.452	0.481	0.498	0.649	0.941	0.983	1.314	1.665	1.996	2.301	2.611	2.966	3.330	3.711	4.113	4.590	5.004	5.925	6.786	7.719	14.29	19.92	48.83
Hydrogen iodide	HI	10034-85-2	127.912	0.021	0.038	0.050	0.084	0.121	0.172	0.192	0.218	0.264	0.339	0.351	0.368	0.385	0.402	0.427	0.439	0.536	0.711	0.736	0.933	1.125	1.318	1.527	1.787	2.105	2.460	2.828	3.197	3.577	3.975	4.728	5.607	6.569	14.02	21.71
Nitric acid	HNO₃	7697-37-2	63.013	0.021	0.046	0.063	0.096	0.130	0.176	0.192	0.213	0.247	0.305	0.318	0.326	0.339	0.351	0.368	0.372	0.439	0.498	0.502	0.506	0.506	0.527	0.582	0.665	0.791	0.958	1.109	1.310	1.540	1.749	2.251	2.791	3.368	6.883	9.498	19.73
Perchloric acid	HClO₄	7601-90-3	100.459	0.021	0.042	0.059	0.092	0.126	0.167	0.180	0.197	0.226	0.259	0.259	0.264	0.268	0.272	0.272	0.272	0.247	0.075	0.050	-0.201	-0.431	-0.623	-0.724	-0.782	-0.820	-0.787	-0.732	-0.628	-0.490	-0.351	0.046	0.611	1.280	7.920	13.81
Formic acid	HCOOH	64-18-6	46.026	0.038	0.054	0.084	0.096	0.105	0.109	0.113	0.117	0.117	0.121	0.121	0.126	0.130	0.134	0.134	0.134	0.146	0.176	0.184	0.226	0.259	0.276	0.285	0.289	0.289	0.289	0.289	0.289	0.285	0.280	0.272	0.255	0.230	0.109	0.038	0.046
Acetic acid	CH₃COOH	64-19-7	60.052	0.167	0.209	0.222	0.230	0.243	0.255	0.259	0.259	0.264	0.272	0.272	0.276	0.280	0.285	0.285	0.289	0.331	0.406	0.423	0.544	0.678	0.803	0.912	1.025	1.121	1.218	1.310	1.393	1.477	1.540	1.648	1.724	1.782	1.962	2.075	2.167

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ENTHALPY OF DILUTION OF ACIDS

Reference