Liquid water at elevated temperatures and pressures, but still in the subcritical region, is of interest as a solvent in various laboratory and industrial processes. Elevated temperature means water at a temperature between about 100 °C and 373 °C, the critical temperature, and at pressures up to 400 bar or greater. Because the dielectric constant of water decreases with increasing temperature, the solubility of many compounds, especially nonpolar compounds, increases dramatically at higher temperature. The fact that solubility can be fine-tuned by controlling temperature and pressure makes pressurized hot water a useful tool in various extraction and reaction processes.
This table gives a sample of the variations of solubility with temperature and pressure for several compounds, mostly hydrocarbons. More information is available in the references. Column definitions are as follows.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (HBCP) contains over 700 tables in over 450 documents which may be divided into several pages, all categorised into 17 major subject areas. The search on this page works by searching the content of each page individually, much like any web search. This provides a challenge if you want to search for multiple terms and those terms exist on different pages, or if you use a synonym/abbreviation that does not exist in the document.
We use metadata to avoid some of these issues by including certain keywords invisibly behind each table. Whilst this approach works well in many situations, like any web search it relies in the terms you have entered existing in the document with the same spelling, abbreviation etc.
Since chemical compounds and their properties are immutable, a single centralised database has been created from all chemical compounds throughout HBCP. This database contains every chemical compound and over 20 of the most common physical properties collated from each of the >700 tables. What's more, the properties can be searched numerically, including range searching, and you can even search by drawing a chemical structure. A complete list of every document table in which the compound occurs is listed, and are hyperlinked to the relevant document table.
The 'Search Chemicals' page can be found by clicking the flask icon in the navigation bar at the top of this page. For more detailed information on how to use the chemical search, including adding properties, saving searches, exporting search results and more, click the help icon in to top right of this page, next to the welcome login message.
Below is an example of a chemical entry, showing its structure, physical properties and document tables in which it appears.
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