Section: 6 | Fixed-Point Thermophysical Properties of H₂O and D₂O |

How to Cite this Reference

FIXED-POINT THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF H₂O AND D₂O

Allan H. Harvey

The following table contains important fixed properties of water (H₂O) and heavy water (D₂O). The table contains both the normal melting point temperature (t_mp) of H₂O and D₂O (so-called ice point) and the freezing point temperature (t_fp) of the pure substances. The difference is that the normal melting point is measured using water (H₂O or D₂O) with air at normal atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) above the liquid. Under these conditions, the dissolved air provides a freezing point depression of 0.0025 °C with respect to the pure liquid. It should be noted that the normal melting point temperature (ice point) is altitude dependent (Ref. 9).

Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Mol. form.	Molecular formula of molecule
Molar mass	The average mass of the molecule with respect to the mass of a carbon-12 atom being assigned the value 12; in g mol^-1
t_mp (101.325 kPa)	The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa); in °C (see above)
t_fp	The freezing point of the pure substance, in °C (see above)
t_bp (101.325 kPa)	The temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of a substance are in equilibrium at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa); in °C
t_tp	The temperature at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance are in thermodynamic equilibrium; in °C
p_tp	The pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance are in thermodynamic equilibrium; in Pa
ρ_tp (liq)	The density of the liquid at the triple point; in g cm^-3
t_c	The temperature of the critical point, which is the point on the phase diagram of a two-phase system at which the two coexisting phases have identical properties and therefore represent a single phase; at the liquid-gas critical point of a pure substance, the distinction between liquid and gas vanishes; in K
p_c	The pressure of the critical point, which is the point on the phase diagram of a two-phase system at which the two coexisting phases have identical properties and therefore represent a single phase; at the liquid-gas critical point of a pure substance, the distinction between liquid and gas vanishes; in MPa
ρ_c	The density of the substance at the critical point, which is the point on the phase diagram of a two-phase system at which the two coexisting phases have identical properties and therefore represent a single phase; at the liquid-gas critical point of a pure substance, the distinction between liquid and gas vanishes; in g cm^-3
ρ_max (101.325 kPa)	The maximum density of the substance at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa); in g cm^-3
t_ρmax	The temperature at which the substance has its maximum density at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa); in °C

Temperatures are given on the ITS-90 scale.

References

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), IAPWS G5-01 (2016), Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of Water (2001; 2016 update), available from <http://www.iapws.org>.
IAPWS, IAPWS R14-08(2011), Revised Release on the Pressure along the Melting and Sublimation Curves of Ordinary Water Substance, 2011, available from <http://www.iapws.org>.
IAPWS, IAPWS R2-83(1992), IAPWS Release on the Values of Temperature, Pressure, and Density of Ordinary and Heavy Water Substances at Their Respective Critical Points, 1992, available from <http://www.iapws.org>.
Wagner, W., and Pruß, A., The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31, 387, 2002. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1461829]
Herrig, S., Thol, M., Harvey, A. H., and Lemmon, E. W., A Reference Equation of State for Heavy Water, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 47, 043102 (2018). [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053993]
Guildner, L. A., Johnson, D. P., and Jones, F. E., Vapor Pressure of Water at Its Triple Point, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 80A, 505, 1976. [https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.080A.054]
Harvey, A. H., and Lemmon, E.W., NIST Standard Reference Database 10: NIST/ASME Steam Properties, Version 3.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD, 2013, available from <http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist-10>.
Lemmon, E. W., Bell, I. H., Huber, M. L., and McLinden, M. O., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, Version 10.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD, 2018, available from <http://www.nist.gov/srd/refprop>.
Harvey, A. H., McLinden, M. O., and Tew, W. L., Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Study of the Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on the Ice Point, in Temperature: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Volume 8, AIP Conf. Proc., 1552, 221-226, 2013. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4819543]

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Fixed-Point Thermophysical Properties of H₂O and D₂O

Mol. form.	Molar mass/g mol^-1	t_mp(101.325 kPa)/°C	t_fp/°C	t_bp/°C	t_tp/°C	p_tp/Pa	ρ_tp (liq)/g cm^-3	t_c/K	p_c/MPa	ρ_c/g cm^-3	ρ_max (101.325 kPa)/g cm^-3	t_ρmax/°C
H₂O	18.015268	0.00	0.0025	99.974	0.01	0.611657	0.99979	647.096	22.064	0.322	0.999975	3.98
D₂O	20.027508	3.81	3.81	101.42	3.82	661.6	1.1053	643.847	21.671	0.356	1.1059	11.60

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FIXED-POINT THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF H₂O AND D₂O

References