The permittivity of liquid water in the radio frequency and microwave regions can be represented by the Debye equation (Refs. 1 and 2):ε′=ε∞+εs−ε∞1+ω2τ2ε′′=(εs−ε∞)ωτ1+ω2τ2 where ε = ε´ + i ε˝ is the (complex) relative permittivity (i.e., the absolute permittivity divided by the permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.854·10–12 F m–1). Here εs is the static permittivity (see Ref. 3 and the table “Thermophysical Properties of Water and Steam” in this section); ε∞ is a parameter describing the permittivity in the high-frequency limit; τ is the relaxation time for molecular orientation; and ω = 2πf is the angular frequency. The values in Table 2 have been calculated from parameters given in Ref. 2, as shown in Table 1. Column definitions for Table 2 are as follows.
Other useful quantities that can be calculated from the values in the table are the loss tangent:tan δ = ε"/ε'and the absorption coefficient α which describes the power attenuation per unit length (P = P0e–αl):α=πfε″cε′ and c is the speed of light. The last equation is valid when ε˝/ε´<<1.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (HBCP) contains over 700 tables in over 450 documents which may be divided into several pages, all categorised into 17 major subject areas. The search on this page works by searching the content of each page individually, much like any web search. This provides a challenge if you want to search for multiple terms and those terms exist on different pages, or if you use a synonym/abbreviation that does not exist in the document.
We use metadata to avoid some of these issues by including certain keywords invisibly behind each table. Whilst this approach works well in many situations, like any web search it relies in the terms you have entered existing in the document with the same spelling, abbreviation etc.
Since chemical compounds and their properties are immutable, a single centralised database has been created from all chemical compounds throughout HBCP. This database contains every chemical compound and over 20 of the most common physical properties collated from each of the >700 tables. What's more, the properties can be searched numerically, including range searching, and you can even search by drawing a chemical structure. A complete list of every document table in which the compound occurs is listed, and are hyperlinked to the relevant document table.
The 'Search Chemicals' page can be found by clicking the flask icon in the navigation bar at the top of this page. For more detailed information on how to use the chemical search, including adding properties, saving searches, exporting search results and more, click the help icon in to top right of this page, next to the welcome login message.
Below is an example of a chemical entry, showing its structure, physical properties and document tables in which it appears.
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