Section: 6 | Thermophysical Properties of Selected Fluids at Saturation |

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THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED FLUIDS AT SATURATION

Eric W. Lemmon and Ian H. Bell

These tables give thermodynamic and transport properties, as defined in the table below, for a variety of fluids, as generated from the correlations presented in the references. All extensive properties are given on a mass basis. Not all properties are included for every substance. The references should be consulted for information on the uncertainties. Values are given along the saturation line. Column definitions for the tables are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
T	Temperature, in K
P	Pressure, in units of MPa
ρ	Density, in units of kg m^-3
H	Enthalpy, in units of kJ kg^-1
S	Entropy, in units of kJ kg^-1 K^-1
*C_v*	Isochoric heat capacity, in units of kJ kg^-1 K^-1
*C_p*	Isobaric heat capacity, in units of kJ kg^-1 K^-1
u	Speed of sound, in units of m s^-1
η	Viscosity, in units of μPa s
λ	Thermal conductivity, in units of mW m^-1 K^-1
D	Static dielectric constant, dimensionless [Not given for every fluid]

Two blocks (or sets) are given for each fluid; the first set gives the values of the liquid phase (note the high density), and the second set gives the values of the vapor phase (at low densities). The first line of each block gives the properties at the triple point (except for R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E)). The final line in the first block gives the properties at the critical point.

The fluids covered here are listed below. The right-hand column summarizes the reference state for each fluid.

Table no.	Fluid name	Fluid mol. form.	Reference state
1	Ammonia	NH₃	Zero energy and entropy at the triple point
2	Benzene	C₆H₆	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point
3	Butane	C₄H₁₀	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K-¹ at −40 °C
4	Carbon Monoxide	CO	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point
5	Ethanol	C₂H₅OH	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
6	Ethylene	C₂H₄	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point
7	Hydrogen Sulfide	H₂S	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point
8	Isobutane	C₄H₁₀	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
9	Propene	C₃H₆	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
10	R-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)	CF₃CH₂F	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
11	R-1234yf (2,2,2,3-Tetrafluoropropene)	CF₃CF=CH₂	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
12	R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene)	CHF=CHCF₃ (trans)	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg^-1 and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
13	Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	Enthalpy = 200 kJ kg-¹ and entropy = 1 kJ kg^-1 K^-1 at −40 °C
14	Sulfur Dioxide	SO₂	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point
15	Toluene	CH₃C₆H₅	Zero enthalpy and entropy at the saturated liquid state at the normal boiling point

Additional calculations at state points not listed below and for fluids not contained herein can be obtained with the use of the NIST Standard Reference Data program REFPROP Version 10.0 <http://www.nist.gov/srd/refprop>.

References

Assael, M.J., Koini, I.A., Antoniadis, K.D., Huber, M.L., Abdulagatov, I.M., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Sulfur Hexafluoride from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 150 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41, 023104, 2012. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4708620]
Assael, M.J., Koutian, A., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlations of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene and Propylene, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 45(3), 033104, 2016. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4958984]
Assael, M.J., Mihailidou, E., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Benzene from the Triple Point to 725 K and up to 500 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41(4), 043102, 2012. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4755781]
Assael, M.J., Mylona, S.K., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Toluene from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 1000 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41, 023101, 2012. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3700155]
Assael, M.J., Sykioti, E.A., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethanol from the Triple Point to 600 K and up to 245 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 42(2), 023102, 2013. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797368]
Avgeri, S., Assael, M.J., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Benzene from the Triple Point to 675 K and up to 300 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 43(3), 033103, 2014. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4892935]
Avgeri, S., Assael, M.J., Huber, M.L., and Perkins, R.A., Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Toluene from the Triple Point to 675 K and up to 500 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 44(3), 033101, 2015. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4926955]
Bücker, D. and Wagner, W., Reference Equations of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Fluid Phase n-Butane and Isobutane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 35(1):929-1019, 2006. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1901687]
Gao, K., Wu, J., Bell, I.H., and Lemmon, E.W., Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia for Temperatures from the Melting Line to 725 K and Pressures to 1000 MPa, to be submitted to J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2019.
Gao, K., Wu, J., Zhang, P., and Lemmon, E.W., A Helmholtz Energy Equation of State for Sulfur Dioxide, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 61:2859-2872, 2016. [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00195]
Guder, C. and Wagner, W., A Reference Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) for Temperatures from the Melting Line to 625 K and Pressures up to 150 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 38(1):33-94, 2009. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3037344]
Harvey, A. H., and Lemmon, E. W., Method for Estimating the Dielectric Constant of Natural Gas Mixtures, Int. J. Thermophys., 26, 31-46, 2005. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-005-2351-5]
Herrmann, S. and Vogel, E., New Formulation for the Viscosity of n-Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 47, 013104, 2018. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020802]
Holland, P.M., Eaton, B.E., and Hanley, H.J.M., A Correlation of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Data of Gaseous and Liquid Ethylene, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 12(4):917-932, 1983. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555701]
Huber, M.L. and Assael, M.J., Correlations for the Viscosity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)), Int. J. Refrig., 71:39-45, 2016. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.08.007]
Huber, M.L., Laesecke, A., and Perkins, R.A., Model for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Refrigerants, Including a New Correlation for the Viscosity of R134a, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42(13):3163-3178, 2003. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0300880]
Kiselev, S.B., Ely, J.F., Abdulagatov, I.M., and Huber, M.L., Generalized SAFT-DFT/DMT Model for the Thermodynamic, Interfacial, and Transport Properties of Associating Fluids: Application for n-Alkanols, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44:6916-6927, 2005. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ie050010e]
Lemmon, E.W. and Span, R., Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3):785-850, 2006. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je050186n]
Lemmon, E.W., McLinden, M.O., Overhoff, U., and Wagner, W., A Reference Equation of State for Propylene for Temperatures from the Melting Line to 575 K and Pressures up to 1000 MPa, to be submitted to J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2019.
Monogenidou, S.A., Assael, M.J., and Huber, M.L. Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Ammonia from the Triple Point to 700 K and up to 50 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 47(2), 023102, 2018. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5036724]
Monogenidou, S.A., Assael, M.J., and Huber, M.L., Reference Correlations for Thermal Conductivity of Ammonia from the Triple Point to 680 K and up to 80 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 47, 043101, 2018. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053087]
Perkins, R.A, Ramires, M.L.V., Nieto de Castro, C.A., and Cusco, L., Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Butane from 135 K to 600 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47(5):1263-1271, 2002. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je0101202]
Perkins, R.A. and Huber, M.L., Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropeopene (R1234ze), J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56(12):4868-4874, 2011. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je200811n]
Perkins, R.A., Laesecke, A., Howley, J., Ramires, M.L.V., Gurova, A.N., and Cusco, L., Experimental Thermal Conductivity Values for the IUPAC Round-Robin Sample of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a), NISTIR 6605, NIST, Boulder, CO, 2000. [https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.6605]
Perkins, R.A., Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Isobutane from 114 K to 600 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47(5):1272-1279, 2002. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je010121u]
Quiñones-Cisneros, S.E., Huber, M.L., and Deiters, U.K., Correlation for the Viscosity of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) from the Triple Point to 1000 K and Pressures to 50 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41(2), 023102, 2012. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3702441]
Richter, M., McLinden, M.O., and Lemmon, E.W., Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf): Vapor Pressure and p-rho-T Measurements and an Equation of State, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 56(7):3254-3264, 2011. [https://doi.org/10.1021/je200369m]
Schmidt, K.A.G., Carroll, J.J., Quinones-Cisneros, S.E., and Kvamme, B., Hydrogen Sulphide Viscosity Model, Proceedings of the 86th Annual GPA Convention, March 11-14, San Antonio, TX, 2007.
Schroeder, J.A., Penoncello, S.G., and Schroeder, J.S., A New Fundamental Equation for Ethanol, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 43, 043102, 2014. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4895394]
Smukala, J., Span, R., and Wagner, W., A New Equation of State for Ethylene Covering the Fluid Region for Temperatures from the Melting Line to 450 K at Pressures up to 300 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 29(5):1053-1122, 2000. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1329318]
Thol, M. and Lemmon, E.W., Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene [R1234ze(E)], Int. J. Thermophys., 37:28, 2016. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-016-2040-6]
Thol, M., Lemmon, E.W., and Span, R., unpublished equation of state for benzene, 2018.
Tillner-Roth, R. and Baehr, H.D., An International Standard Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K at Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23:657-729, 1994. [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555958]
Vogel, E., Kuechenmeister, C., and Bich, E., Viscosity Correlation for Isobutane over Wide Ranges of the Fluid Region, Int. J. Thermophys., 21(2):343-356, 2000. [https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006623310780]

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TABLE 1. Thermophysical Properties of Ammonia (NH₃) at Saturation

T/ K	P/ MPa	ρ/ kg m^-3	H/ kJ kg^-1	S/ kJ kg^-1 K^-1	C_v/ kJ kg^-1 K^-1	C_p/ kJ kg^-1 K^-1	u/ m s^-1	η/ μPa s	λ/ mW m^-1 K^-1
Continued on next page...
Saturated Liquid
195.49	0.006053	733.9	0.008249	0.0	2.968	4.305	2011	570.6	610.9
200.0	0.008610	728.7	19.45	0.09833	2.969	4.318	1983	516.0	610.4
220.0	0.03373	705.5	106.5	0.5131	2.961	4.390	1859	347.3	600.1
240.0	0.1022	681.4	195.1	0.8981	2.921	4.466	1735	251.0	578.3
260.0	0.2552	656.1	285.4	1.258	2.866	4.546	1605	192.1	547.0
280.0	0.5507	629.2	377.5	1.598	2.815	4.649	1468	153.0	508.8
300.0	1.061	600.2	472.1	1.921	2.777	4.796	1323	125.0	465.9
320.0	1.872	568.3	570.2	2.233	2.754	5.023	1171	103.2	420.2
340.0	3.079	532.5	673.7	2.540	2.747	5.392	1009	85.03	373.5
360.0	4.792	490.3	785.6	2.850	2.763	6.082	833.5	68.99	326.7
380.0	7.140	436.2	913.0	3.181	2.831	7.838	635.2	53.95	279.7
400.0	10.30	344.0	1089	3.610	3.158	22.39	384.0	37.32	238.1
405.56	11.36	233.3	1248	3.995				25.36
Saturated Vapor
195.49	0.006053	0.06371	1489	7.616	1.516	2.023	355.3	6.838	15.70
200.0	0.008610	0.08867	1497	7.487	1.527	2.039	359.0	6.953	16.03
220.0	0.03373	0.3184	1532	6.994	1.594	2.137	374.2	7.495	17.64
240.0	0.1022	0.8969	1564	6.603	1.695	2.293	386.9	8.071	19.54
260.0	0.2552	2.116	1592	6.284	1.829	2.513	396.3	8.669	21.83
280.0	0.5507	4.380	1614	6.016	1.987	2.805	402.3	9.281	24.63

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THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED FLUIDS AT SATURATION

References