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Section: 7 | Biological Buffers |
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John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds," in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

BIOLOGICAL BUFFERS

This table of frequently used biological buffers gives the pKa value at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C as well as the useful pH range of each buffer. The buffers are listed in order of increasing pH. Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading Definition
Acronym Common acronym of the biological buffer
Name Systematic name of the biological buffer
Mol. wt. Molecular weight of the biological buffer
pKa(20 °C) Negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant at 20 °C 
pKa(25 °C) Negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant at 25 °C
pKa(37 °C) Negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant at 37 °C
Useful pH range Range of pH for which buffer is useful

The table is reprinted with permission of Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO.

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Biological Buffers



AcronymNameMol. wt.pKa(20 °C)pKa(25 °C)pKa(37 °C)Useful pH range
Continued on next page...
MES2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid6.166.105.975.5–6.7
BIS TRISBis(2-hydroxyethyl)iminotris(hydroxymethyl)methanen/a6.506.365.8–7.2
ADAN-(2-Acetamido)-2-iminodiacetic acid6.656.596.466.0–7.2
ACES2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid182.1996.886.786.546.1–7.5
PIPESPiperazine-N,N´-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)6.806.766.666.1–7.5
MOPSO3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acidn/a6.906.756.2–7.6
BIS TRISPROPANE1,3-Bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propanen/a6.8n/a6.3–9.5
BESN,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid213.2527.177.096.906.4–7.8
MOPS3-(N-Morpholino)propanesulfonic acid7.287.207.026.5–7.9
TESN-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid7.507.407.166.8–8.2
HEPESN-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N´-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)7.557.487.316.8–8.2
DIPSO3-[N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acidn/a7.607.357.0–8.2
MOBS4-(N-Morpholino)butanesulfonic acidn/a7.60n/a6.9–8.3
TAPSO3-[N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acidn/a7.607.397.0–8.2
TRIZMATris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine121.1358.208.067.727.0–9.1
HEPPSON-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N´-(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid)n/a7.806.667.1–8.5
POPSOPiperazine-N,N´-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid)n/a7.807.637.2–8.5
TEATris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine149.188n/a7.80n/a7.3–8.3
EPPS4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid8.00n/a7.3–8.7


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