Section: 7 | Properties and Functions of Common Drugs |

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PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF COMMON DRUGS

Thomas J. Bruno

These tables list the names, properties, categories, and therapeutic uses of selected single-component and multicomponent drugs. The drugs have been chosen to represent a variety of categories and are widely used throughout the world. Table 1 contains the generic (and in some cases chemical) name of single-component drugs with data on their melting point, boiling point, density, and solubility in various solvents, when available. Table 2 classifies the drugs by therapeutic categories and gives additional information about their uses. Table 3 provides an index that can be used to locate an individual single-component drug by its trade name. It should be noted that not all trade names are provided as many drugs are manufactured by more than one organization. Table 4 provides similar information for multicomponent drugs and links the components to the property data given in Table 1 through the ordering number. In all tables, the ordering number (indicated as the Drug No.) is unique to a specific single-component drug as listed in Table 1. It should be noted that most drug products in the marketplace have one or more inactive ingredients. These are not included in these tables.

References

The Combined Chemical Dictionary on DVD, Version 18:1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, June 2014; also available on the Internet at <www.chemnetbase.com>.
Milne, G. W. A., Drugs: Synonyms and Properties, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire, UK, 2000.
Corey, E. J., Czakó, B., and Kürti, L., Molecules and Medicine, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2007.
Physicians' Desk Reference, 67th Edition, Thomson PDR, Montvale, NJ, 2013.
O’Neil, M. J., ed., The Merck Index, 15th Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. <http://www.scbt.com>. Accessed August 2016.
Wishart, D. S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D668, 2006. [https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj067]
ChemACX. Version 16.16.2; CambridgeSoft Corporation: Cambridge, MA. Accessed August 2016.
PubChem Database, National Center for Biotechnology Information <http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>. Accessed August 2016.
EPI - Estimation Programs Interface Suite™, v 4.11, 2017, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, available at <https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools/epi-suitetm-estimation-program-interface>.

Physical Properties of Common Single-Component Drugs

Table 1 contains physical properties of 240 common single-component drugs. The data come from a variety of sources as listed in the references. The properties, units, and special notations are given in the table below. A few drugs have no properties listed except their physical state (in some) cases. These include monoclonal antibodies (indicated by an * after the name), drugs produced as recombinant DNA (indicated by a ⁺ after the name), and vaccines. Column definitions for Table 2 are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Drug. no.	Entry number; also used to link to information in other tables
Common name	Common name of the drug: generic or chemical
t_m	Melting point in °C; superscript p indicates predicted value; lit. indicates literature value
t_b	Boiling point in °C; superscript p indicates predicted value; all values are for 760 mmHg unless otherwise indicated; note that some of these values are high enough that decomposition will occur before boiling; nevertheless, such information can be used for correlations and separation design
ρ	Density in g mL^-1; all values are for 25 °C unless otherwise indicated by numerical superscript; superscript p indicates predicted value
Phys. state	Indication of whether the drug is a solid or liquid
Storage	Recommendations for normal storage; RT = room temperature
Solubility H₂O	Solubility in water in mg mL^-1 unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript
Solubility CH₃OH	Solubility in methanol in mg mL^-1 unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript
Solubility C₂H₅OH	Solubility in ethanol in mg mL^-1 unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript
Solubility DMSO	Solubility in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in mg mL^-1 unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript
Solubility DMF	Solubility in dimethyl formamide (DMF) in mg mL^-1 unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript

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TABLE 1. Physical Properties of Common Single-Component Drugs

Drug no.	Common name	t_m/°C	t_b/°C	ρ/g mL^-1	Phys. state	Storage	Solubility H₂O/mg mL^-1	Solubility CH₃OH/mg mL^-1	Solubility C₂H₅OH/mg mL^-1	Solubility DMSO/mg mL^-1	Solubility DMF/mg mL^-1
Continued on next page...
1	Abatacept
2	Abiraterone acetate	127-130	506.7^p	~1.1^p	Solid	-20 °C	<l²⁵	sparingly	28²⁵	~2	~16
3	Acetaminophen	168-172	387.83^p	1.29²⁰	Solid	RT	0.014²⁰	50	100 mmol L^-1	100 mmol L^-1	freely
4	Acetylsalicylic acid				Solid	RT			80	41
5	Adalimumab: heavy chain*				Liquid
6	Adalimumab: light chain*				Liquid
7	Aflibercept			1.081	Liquid	2-8 °C	>100
8	Albuterol sulfate	153-155		1.4^p	Solid	-20 °C		freely	freely
9	Alendronate sodium		617^p		Solid	RT
10	Allopurinol				Solid	4 °C				freely
11	Alprazolam	228-229.5			Solid		40 (pH 7)
12	Amitriptyline hydrochloride	187-189.5			Solid		0.00971²⁴
13	Amlodipine	133-135	527.2^p	1.2^p	Solid	RT	75.3	freely	25	25	25
14	Amlodipine besylate	133-135	527.2^p	1.2^p	Solid	RT	75.3	freely	25	25	25
15	Amoxicillin	329.9^p	702^p	1.6^p	Solid	4 °C
16	Amphetamine aspartate monohydrate				Solid		slightly
17	Amphetamine sulfate				Solid		slightly
18	Apixaban	326.5^p	771^p	1.4^p	Solid	4 °C	<1²⁵		<1²⁵	18²⁵	~3
19	Aripiprazole	134-136			Solid	-20 °C			freely

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