| A |
peak area; surface area of solid granular adsorbent; eddy diffusion term in the Van Deemter equation |
| AAA |
absolute activation analysis |
| AAD |
atomic absorption detector |
| AAS |
atomic absorption spectroscopy |
| AC |
alternating current, affinity chromatography |
| ACP |
alternating current plasma |
| ADXPS |
angular dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| AED |
atomic emission detector |
| AEM |
analytical electron microscope (microscopy) |
| AES |
Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy |
| AFID |
alkali flame ionization detector |
| AFM |
atomic force microscopy |
| AFS |
atomic force spectroscopy |
| AIS |
average of individual samples |
| AL |
action level |
| AM |
amplitude modulation |
| AMS |
accelerator mass spectrometry |
| AN |
area normalization |
| ANRF |
area normalization with response factors |
| AOTF |
acousto-optical tunable filter |
| AP |
analytical pyrolysis |
| APCI |
atmospheric pressure chemical ionization |
| APD |
azimuthal photoelectron diffraction |
| API |
atmospheric pressure ionization |
| APSTM |
analytical photon scanning tunneling microscope |
| APT |
attached proton test |
| ARAES |
angle resolved Auger electron spectroscopy |
| ARF |
absolute response factor |
| ARM |
atomic resolution microscopy |
| ARPES |
angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy |
| ARUPS |
angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy |
| ASE |
accelerated solvent extraction |
| AsFIFFF (AF4) |
asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation |
| ATD |
above-threshold dissociation |
| ATI |
above-threshold ionization |
| ATR |
attenuated total reflection |
| BB |
band broadening |
| BE |
magnetic sector – electric sector tandem mass spectrometer (note: also called a MIKE spectrometer) |
| BEE |
magnetic sector – electric sector – electric sector mass spectrometer |
| BET |
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (adsorption isotherm) |
| BIFL |
burst integrated fluorescence lifetime |
| BIS |
Bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy |
| BJH |
Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (method) |
| BL |
bioluminescence |
| BLRF |
bispectral luminescence radiance factor |
| BQQ |
magnetic sector-double quadrupole mass spectrometer BTOF |
| BTOF |
magnetic sector – time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer |
| CAD |
collision-activated dissociation |
| CAR |
continuous addition of reagent |
| CARS |
coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy |
| CCC |
counter-current chromatography |
| CCD |
charge-coupled device |
| CCT |
constant current topography |
| CD |
circular dichroism |
| CE |
capillary electrophoresis, counter electrode |
| CEC |
capillary electrokinetic chromatography, capillary electrochromatography |
| CED |
cohesive energy density |
| CFA |
continuous flow analysis |
| CF-FAB |
continuous flow-fast atom bombardment |
| CFM |
chemical force microscopy |
| CGE |
capillary gel electrophoresis |
| CHEMFET |
chemical-sensing field effect transistor |
| CI |
chemical ionization |
| CID |
collision-induced dissociation |
| CIEF |
capillary isoelectric focusing |
| CITP |
capillary isotachophoresis |
| CL |
chemiluminescence |
| CLLE |
continuous liquid-liquid extraction |
| CMA |
cylindrical mirror analyzer |
| COSY |
correlation spectroscopy |
| CPAA |
charged particle activation analysis |
| CP/MAS |
cross polarization/magic angle spinning |
| CRDS |
cavity ring-down spectroscopy |
| CRF |
chromatographic response function |
| CRM |
certified reference material |
| CS |
carbon strip (adsorbent) |
| CT |
cryogenic trapping |
| CTD |
charge transfer device |
| CV |
cyclic voltammetry |
| CV-ASS |
cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry |
| CVD |
chemical vapor deposition |
| CW |
continuous wave |
| CZE |
capillary zone electrophoresis |
| DA |
diode array |
| DAD |
diode array detector (UV-Vis) |
| DADI |
direct analysis of daughter ions |
| dB |
de Boar t-plot |
| DBE |
double bond equivalent |
| DC |
direct current |
| DCI |
desorption chemical ionization |
| DCP |
direct-current plasma |
| DEP |
differential electrolytic potentiometry |
| DEPT |
distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer |
| DETA |
dielectric thermal analysis |
| DIN |
direct injection nebulizer |
| DLI |
direct liquid introduction |
| DLS |
dynamic light scattering |
| DMA |
dynamic mechanical analysis |
| DME |
dropping mercury electrode |
| DNMR |
dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance |
| DPP |
differential pulse polarography |
| DRIFT |
diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform |
| DSC |
differential scanning calorimetry |
| DTA |
differential thermal analysis |
| DTC |
differential thermal calorimetry |
| EAES |
electron-excited Auger electron spectroscopy |
| EB |
electric sector – magnetic sector tandem mass spectrometer |
| EBE |
electric sector – magnetic sector-electric sector tandem mass spectrometer |
| EC |
electrochemical |
| ECD |
electron capture detector |
| ECMS |
electron capture mass spectrometry |
| ECNIMS |
electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry |
| EDL |
electrodeless discharge lamp |
| EDS |
energy-dispersive spectrometer |
| EDXRF |
energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence |
| EELS |
electron energy-loss spectroscopy |
| EFFF |
electric field flow fractionation |
| EG |
electrogravimetry |
| EGA |
evolved gas analysis |
| EIA |
enzyme-linked immunoassay |
| EI(I) |
electron impact (ionization) |
| EIMS |
electron impact mass spectrometry |
| ELCD |
electrolytic conductivity detector |
| ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ELSD |
evaporative light scattering detector |
| EM |
electron microscopy |
| EMIRS |
electrochemically modulated IR spectroscopy |
| EOF |
electro-osmotic flow |
| EPL |
enhanced photoactivated luminescence |
| EPMA |
electron-probe microanalysis |
| EPR |
electron paramagnetic resonance |
| EPXMA |
electron-probe x-ray microanalysis |
| EQL |
estimated quantitation limit |
| ERD |
elastic recoil detection |
| ESA |
electrostatic analyzer |
| ESCA |
electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| ESEM |
environmental scanning electron microscope |
| ESI |
electrospray ionization |
| ESP |
electrospray |
| ESR |
electron spin resonance |
| ET |
electrometric titration |
| ETA |
electrothermal analyzer, emanation thermal analysis |
| EXAFS |
extended x-ray absorption fine structure |
| FAA |
flame atomic absorption |
| FAAS |
flame atomic absorption spectroscopy |
| FABMS |
fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry |
| FAES |
flame atomic emission spectroscopy |
| FAFS |
flame atomic fluorescence spectroscopy |
| FAM |
field analytical method |
| FAS |
flame absorption spectroscopy |
| FD |
field desorption |
| FD/FI |
field desorption/field ionization |
| FES |
flame emission spectroscopy |
| FFEM |
freeze-fracture electron microscopy |
| FFF |
field-flow fractionation |
| FFFF |
flow field-flow fractionation |
| FFM |
friction force microscopy |
| FFS |
flame fluorescence spectroscopy |
| FFT |
fast Fourier transform |
| FGC |
fast gas chromatography |
| FI |
flow injection, field ionization |
| FIA |
flow injection analysis |
| FIB |
focused ion beam |
| FID |
flame ionization detector, free-induction decay |
| FIM |
field ion microscopy |
| FNAA |
fast neutron activation analysis |
| FOCS |
fiber optic chemical sensor |
| FPD |
flame photometric detector |
| FSOT |
fused silica open tubular (column) |
| FT |
Fourier transform |
| FT-ICR |
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance |
| FT-IR |
Fourier transform infrared (often “FT/IR,” “FTIR,” “FT IR”) |
| FT-IRRAS |
FT-IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy |
| FT-MS |
Fourier transform mass spectrometry |
| FWHM |
full-width half-maximum |
| GC |
gas chromatography |
| GC-IR |
gas chromatography–infrared spectrometry |
| GCMS |
gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| GDL |
glow discharge lamp |
| GDMS |
glow discharge mass spectrometry |
| GE |
gel electrophoresis, gradient elution |
| GEMBE |
gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis |
| GFAAS |
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy |
| GLC |
gas-liquid chromatography |
| GPC |
gel permeation chromatography |
| GS |
Gram-Schmidt (algorithm) |
| GSC |
gas-solid chromatography |
| GSED |
gaseous secondary electron detector |
| HCL |
hollow cathode lamp |
| HCOT |
helically coiled open tubular (column) |
| HDC |
hydrodynamic chromatography |
| HETCOR |
heteronuclear correlation |
| HETP |
height equivalent of (a) theoretical plate(s) |
| HG |
hydride generation |
| HIC |
hydrophobic interaction chromatography |
| HMBC |
heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation |
| HPAC |
high-performance affinity chromatography |
| HPIAC |
high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography |
| HPLC |
high-performance liquid chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography |
| HPTLC |
high-performance thin-layer chromatography |
| HRCGC |
high-resolution capillary gas chromatography |
| HRGC |
high-resolution gas(-liquid) chromatography |
| HS |
headspace |
| HSA |
hemispherical analyzer |
| HSC |
heteronuclear shift correlation |
| HSQC |
heteronuclear single quantum coherence |
| HTC |
high-temperature combustion |
| IA |
isocratic analysis |
| IAC |
immunoaffinity chromatography |
| IAES |
ion-excited Auger electron spectroscopy |
| IC |
ion chromatography |
| ICMS |
ion chromatography mass spectrometry |
| ICP |
inductively coupled plasma |
| ICP-OES |
ICP optical emission spectrometry |
| ICR |
ion cyclotron resonance |
| IDMS |
isotope dilution mass spectrometry |
| IEC |
ion-exchange chromatography |
| IEF |
isoelectric focusing |
| IF |
intermediate frequency |
| IGC |
inverse gas chromatography |
| IGF |
inert gas fusion |
| ILDA |
intensified linear diode array |
| IMAC |
immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography |
| INADEQUATE |
incredible natural abundance double-quantum transfer experiment |
| INEPT |
insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer |
| INAA |
instrumental neutron activation analysis |
| IP |
ion pairing |
| IPC |
ion-pair chromatography |
| IPG |
immobilized pH gradient |
| IPMA |
ion probe microanalysis |
| IR |
infrared (spectrophotometry) |
| IRN |
indicator radionuclide(s) |
| IRS |
internal reflection spectroscopy |
| ISCA |
ionization spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| ISE |
ion selective electrode |
| ISP |
ion spray |
| ISS |
ion scattering spectrometry |
| LAMMS |
laser micro mass spectrometry |
| LARIMS |
laser atomization resonance ionization mass spectrometry |
| LARIS |
laser atomization resonance ionization spectroscopy |
| LASER |
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
| LBB |
Lambert-Beer-Bouguer law |
| LC |
liquid chromatography |
| LC-LS |
multidimensional liquid chromatography |
| LDMS |
laser desorption mass spectrometry |
| LDR |
linear dynamic range |
| LEAFS |
laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry |
| LED |
light-emitting diode |
| LEED |
low-energy electron diffraction |
| LEEM |
low-energy electron microscopy |
| LEI |
laser-enhanced ionization |
| LEISS |
low-energy ion scattering spectrometry |
| LESS |
laser-excited Shpol’skii spectroscopy |
| LFM |
lateral force microscopy |
| LIDAR |
light detection and ranging |
| LIFD |
laser-induced fluorescence detection |
| LIMS |
laboratory information management system |
| LLC |
liquid-liquid chromatography |
| LLD |
lower-limit detection |
| LLE |
liquid-liquid extraction |
| LNRI |
laser non-resonant ionization |
| LO |
local oscillator |
| LOC |
lab on a chip |
| LOD |
limit of detection |
| LPDA |
linear photodiode array |
| LPSIRS |
linear potential-sweep IR reflectance spectroscopy |
| LRI |
laser resonance ionization |
| LRMA |
laser Raman microanalysis |
| LSC |
liquid-solid chromatography |
| LSE |
liquid-solid extraction |
| LTP |
low-temperature phosphorescence |
| MAE |
microwave assisted extraction |
| MALDI |
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization |
| MAS |
magic angle spinning |
| MCD |
magnetic circular dichroism |
| MCP |
microchannel plate |
| MDGC |
multidimensional gas chromatography |
| MDL |
method detection limit |
| MDM |
minimum detectable mass |
| MDQ |
minimum detectable quantity |
| MEIS |
medium-energy ion scattering |
| MEKC |
micellar electrokinetic chromatography |
| MFM |
magnetic force microscopy |
| MID |
multiple ion detection |
| MIKE |
mass analyzed ion kinetic energy mass spectrometry |
| MIP |
microwave-induced plasma, mercury intrusion porosimetry |
| MIRS |
multiple internal reflection spectroscopy |
| MLC |
micellar liquid chromatography |
| MLLSQ |
multiple linear least squares |
| MMF |
minimum mass fraction |
| MMLLE |
microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction |
| MPD |
microwave plasma detector |
| MPI |
multiphoton ionization |
| MRDL |
maximum residual disinfectant level (in water analysis) |
| MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS |
mass spectrometry |
| MS-MS |
tandem mass spectrometry |
| MSPD |
matric solid-phase dispersion |
| MSRTP |
micelle-stabilized room-temperature phosphorescence |
| MWD |
microwave (assisted) digestion |
| NAA |
neutron activation analysis |
| NCIMS |
negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry |
| NDP |
neutron depth profiling |
| NEXAFS |
near edge x-ray absorption fine structure |
| NHE |
normal-hydrogen electrode |
| NICI |
negative ion chemical ionization |
| NIR |
near-infrared, near-IR |
| NIRA |
near-infrared reflectance analysis |
| nm |
nanometer |
| NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NOE (nOe) |
nuclear Overhauser effect |
| NOESY |
nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy |
| NPD |
nitrogen-phosphorus detector, normal photoelectron diffraction |
| NPLC |
normal-phase liquid chromatography |
| ODMR |
optically detected magnetic resonance |
| ODS |
octadecylsilane |
| OES |
optical emission spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy |
| OID |
optoelectronic imaging device |
| OMA |
optical multichannel analyzer |
| OPO |
optical parametric oscillator |
| OPTLC |
over-pressured thin-layer chromatography |
| ORD |
optical rotary dispersion |
| OTE |
optically transparent electrodes |
| PA |
proton affinity |
| PAA |
photon activation analysis |
| PAGE |
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PAH |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| PAS |
photoacoustic spectroscopy |
| PB |
particle beam |
| PC |
paper chromatography |
| PCA |
principal component analysis |
| PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
| PCS |
photon correlation spectroscopy |
| PCSE |
partially coherent solvent evaporation |
| PD |
plasma desorption |
| PDA |
photodiode array |
| PDHID |
pulsed discharge helium ionization detector |
| PDMS |
plasma desorption mass spectrometry, polydimethyl siloxane |
| PED |
pulsed electrochemical detection, plasma emission detector, photoelectron diffraction |
| PES |
photoelectron spectroscopy |
| PET |
positron emission tomography |
| PFIA |
process flow injection analysis |
| PGC |
packed-column gas chromatography |
| pH |
negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration |
| PICI |
positive ion chemical ionization |
| PID |
photoionization detector |
| PIXE |
particle-induced x-ray emission |
| pK |
negative logarithm of an equilibrium constant |
| PLE |
pressurized liquid extraction |
| PLOT |
porous-layer open tubular |
| PLOT-cryo |
porous-layer open tubular (column) cryo-adsorption |
| PMT |
photomultiplier tube |
| ppb |
parts per billion |
| ppm |
parts per million |
| ppt |
parts per thousand, parts per trillion |
| PSD |
position sensitive detector |
| PTFE |
polytetrafluoroethylene |
| PTR |
proton transfer reaction (in mass spectrometry) |
| PTV |
programmable temperature vaporizer |
| PVD |
pulsed voltammetric detection, physical vapor deposition |
| QCL |
quantum cascade laser |
| QCM |
quartz-crystal microbalance |
| QFAA |
quartz furnace atomic adsorption |
| QIT |
quadrupole ion trap |
| qNMR |
quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance |
| QQQ, QqQ, Q1qQ3 |
triple quadrupole mass spectrometer |
| QTH |
quartz tungsten halogen |
| QTOF |
tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer |
| RAA |
running annual average |
| RBS |
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry |
| REELS |
reflection electron energy loss spectrometry |
| RES |
reflection electron spectrometry |
| RF |
radio frequency |
| RHEED |
reflection high-energy electron diffraction |
| RIC |
reconstructed ion chromatogram |
| RI |
refractive index, retention index |
| RID |
refractive-index detector |
| RIMS |
resonance ionization mass spectrometry |
| RIS |
resonance ionization spectroscopy, range of individual samples |
| RM |
reference material |
| RNAA |
radiochemical neutron activation analysis |
| ROA |
Raman optical activity |
| ROESY |
rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy |
| RPLC |
reversed-phase liquid chromatography |
| RRDE |
rotating ring-disk electrode |
| RS |
Raman spectroscopy |
| RSF |
relative sensitivity factor |
| RTIL |
room-temperature ionic liquid |
| RTP |
room-temperature phosphorescence |
| S/N |
signal-to-noise ratio |
| SAE |
sonication-assisted extraction |
| SAM |
scanning Auger microscopy, self-assembly monolayers |
| SANS |
small-angle neutron scattering |
| SAW |
surface acoustic wave |
| SAXS |
small-angle x-ray scattering |
| SBSE |
stir bar sorptive extraction |
| SCE |
standard calomel electrode, saturated calomel electrode |
| SCF |
supercritical fluid |
| SCOT |
support-coated open tubular |
| SDD |
silicon drift detector |
| SdFFF |
sedimentation field flow fractionation |
| SEC |
size-exclusion chromatography |
| SEM |
scanning electron microscope |
| SERS |
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy |
| SFC |
supercritical-fluid chromatography |
| SFE |
supercritical-fluid extraction |
| SFFF |
sedimentation field flow fractionation |
| SF-MS |
sector field mass spectrometry |
| SFS |
synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy |
| SHE |
standard hydrogen electrode |
| SIA |
sequential injection analysis |
| SIDA |
stable isotope dilution assay |
| SIMS |
secondary ion mass spectrometry |
| SIRIS |
sputter-initiated resonance ionization spectroscopy |
| SMCL |
secondary maximum contaminant level (in water analysis) |
| SMDE |
static mercury drop electrode |
| SMSS |
spark source mass spectrometry |
| SNIFTIRS |
subtractively normalized interfacial FT-IR spectroscopy |
| SNMS |
sputtered neutral mass spectrometry |
| SPAES |
spin-polarized Auger electron spectroscopy |
| SPE |
solid-phase extraction |
| SPME |
solid-phase microextraction |
| SPR |
surface plasmon resonance |
| SRE |
stray radiant energy |
| SRM |
standard reference material |
| SSMS |
spark source mass spectrometry |
| SSRTF |
solid-surface room-temperature fluorescence |
| SSRTP |
solid-surface room-temperature phosphorescence |
| STEM |
scanning transmission electron microscope |
| STM |
scanning tunneling microscope |
| SVE |
solvent vapor exit |
| SWE |
supercritical-water extraction |
| TCA |
thermochemical analysis |
| TCD |
thermal-conductivity detector |
| TCT-GC-MS |
thermal cold trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry thermodilatometry |
| TD |
thermodilatometry |
| TDL |
tunable diode laser |
| TEA |
thermal energy analyzer |
| TED |
thermionic emission detector |
| TEELS |
transmission electron energy loss spectrometry |
| TEM |
transmission electron microscope |
| TET |
thermometric enthalpimetric titration |
| TFFF |
thermal field flow fractionation |
| TGA |
thermogravimetric analysis |
| TGA-IR |
thermogravimetric analysis – infrared |
| THEED |
transmission high-energy electron diffraction |
| ThFFF |
thermal field flow fractionation |
| TIC |
total ion current chromatogram, tentatively identified compound |
| TIMS |
thermal ionization mass spectrometry |
| TLC |
thin-layer chromatography |
| TLE |
thin-layer electrode |
| TLM |
thermal lens microscopy |
| TLV |
threshold limit value |
| TMA |
thermomechanical analysis |
| TMS |
tetramethylsilane |
| TOCSY |
total correlation spectroscopy |
| TOF |
time-of-flight |
| TOF-MS |
time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| TSP |
thermospray |
| UHV |
ultrahigh vacuum |
| USE |
ultrasonic extraction |
| UV |
ultraviolet |
| UVPES, UPS |
ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy |
| UV-VIS, UV-Vis |
ultraviolet-visible |
| VAR |
variable angle reflectance |
| Vis |
visible (radiation) |
| VOC |
volatile organic compound(s) |
| VOX |
volatile organic halogens |
| VUV |
vacuum ultraviolet |
| W |
Wein filter (used in mass spectrometry) |
| WCOT |
wall-coated open tubular |
| WDS |
wavelength dispersive spectrometer |
| WWCOT |
whisker-wall coated open tubular (column) |
| WWPLOT |
whisker-wall coated porous layer open tubular (column) |
| WWSCOT |
whisker-wall support-coated open tubular (column) |
| XAES |
x-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray adsorption edge spectrometry |
| XANES |
x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy |
| XPS |
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| XRD |
x-ray diffraction |
| XRF |
x-ray fluorescence |
| XRFS |
x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy |
| XRS |
x-ray spectroscopy |
| ZAF |
Z (element number) absorption fluorescence |
