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Section: 13 | Physical Properties of Selected Polymers |
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John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds," in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED POLYMERS

The physical properties of polymers are important parameters in determining their behavior and performance in a wide range of applications. These tables list some examples of general representative physical properties (including mechanical properties) of representative polymeric compounds. For glass transition temperatures, see the table "Glass Transition Temperature for Selected Polymers" in this section. Some of the properties in these tables are defined as follows.

Property Definition
Heat deflection temperature (HDT) or heat distortion temperature Temperature at which a polymer or plastic sample deforms under a specified load (normally either 0.455 MPa or 1.82 MPa)
Crystalline melting point Temperature (or temperature range) at which a crystalline solid changes its state from solid to liquid. Although the phrase would suggest a specific temperature, most crystalline compounds actually melt over a range of a few °C or less
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion Fractional change in length per °C change in temperature at constant pressure
Compressive strength Maximum uniaxial compressive stress (compressive force per unit area) reached when a material fails completely on being subjected to a load that pushes it together
Tensile strength Measure of the ability of a material to withstand pulling stresses; defined as the stress (stretching force per unit area) required to break a specimen; polymers are approximately 20% stronger in compression than in tension
Flexural strength or cross-breaking strength Measure of the bending strength or stiffness of a material specimen expressed as the stress required to break a specimen by exerting a torque on it
Impact strength (toughness) Measure of the energy needed to break a sample; the notched Izod impact test is a single point test that measures the resistance of a material to impact from a swinging pendulum;  Izod impact is defined as the kinetic energy needed to initiate fracture and continue the fracture until the specimen is broken; Izod specimens are notched to prevent deformation of the specimen upon impact; this test can be used as a quick and easy quality control check to determine if a material meets specific impact properties or to compare materials for general toughness
Ultimate elongation Measure of how far a material will stretch before breaking, expressed as a percentage of its original length

The properties of the following polymers are presented in these tables.

Table 1
PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
PBT poly(butylene terephthalate)
PC polycarbonate
Nylon 6,6 poly(iminoadipoyliminohexamethylene)
Nylon 6 poly[imino(1-oxohexamethylene)]
PPO poly(phenylene ether)
Table 2
POM polyoxymethylene
LDPE low-density polyethylene
HDPE high-density polyethylene
UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
iPP isotactic polypropylene
ABS copolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene (extrusion grade)
Table 3
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon
PCTFE polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene
PVDF poly(vinylidene fluoride)
PVF poly(vinyl fluoride)
PVC (rigid) poly(vinyl chloride)
PVC (plasticized) poly(vinyl chloride)
PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)

The assistance of Charles E. Carraher, Jr. in providing these data is gratefully acknowledged.

Reference

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TABLE 1. Physical Properties of Polymers



PropertyPETPBTPCNylon 6,6Nylon 6PPO
Heat deflection temperature at 1820 kPa °C100651307580100
Maximum resistance to continuous heat °C1006011512012580
Crystalline melting point °C——225265225215
Coefficient of linear expansion (10–5/°C)6.57.06.88.08.05.0
Compressive strength (kPa)8.6 × 1047.5 × 1048.6 × 1041 × 1059.7 × 1049.6 × 104
Flexural strength (kPa)1.1 × 1059.6 × 1049.3 × 1041 × 1059.7 × 1048.9 × 104
Impact strength (Izod: cm N/cm of notch)265353080160270
Tensile strength (kPa)6.2 × 1045.5 × 1047.2 × 1048.3 × 1046.2 × 1045.5 × 104
Ultimate elongation (%)10010011030—50
Density (g cm–3)1.351.351.21.21.151.1


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TABLE 2. Physical Properties of Polymers



PropertyPOMLDPEHDPEUHMWPEiPPABS
Heat deflection temperature at 1820 kPa (°C)1254050855590
Maximum resistance to continuous heat (°C)10040808010090
Crystalline melting point (°C)180—————
Coefficient of linear expansion (10–5/°C)10.010121299.5
Compressive strength (kPa)1.1 × 105—3 × 104——4.8 × 104
Flexural strength (kPa)9.7 × 104———5 × 1046.2 × 104
Impact strength (Izod: cm N/cm of notch)80No break30No break27320
Tensile strength (kPa)6.9 × 1045 × 1032 × 1046 × 1043.5 × 1043.4 × 104
Ultimate elongation (%)30———10060
Density (g cm–3)1.40.910.960.930.901.0


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TABLE 3. Physical Properties of Polymers



PropertyPTFEPCTFEPVDFPVFRigid PVCPlasticized PVCPMMA
Heat deflection temperature at 1820 kPa (°C)100100809075—95
Maximum resistance to continuous heat (°C)250200150125603575
Crystalline melting point (°C)————170——
Coefficient of linear expansion (10–5/°C)10148.5106127.0
Compressive strength (kPa)2.7 × 1043.8 × 104——6.8 × 1046 × 1031 × 105
Flexural strength (kPa)—6 × 104——9 × 104—9.6× 104
Impact strength (Izod: cm N/cm of notch)160130——27—21
Tensile strength (kPa)2.4 × 1043.4 × 1045.5 × 104—4.4 × 1041 × 1046.5 × 104
Ultimate elongation (%)200100200—502004
Density (g cm–3)2.162.11.761.41.41.31.2


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