Section: 14 | Satellites of the Planets |

How to Cite this Reference

SATELLITES OF THE PLANETS

This table gives characteristics of the known satellites of the planets. Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Planet	Name of planet about which satellites orbit
No.	Satellite number
Satellite	Satellite name
Orb. period	Orbital period, in units of Earth days, an R following the value indicates a retrograde motion
Distance	Distance from the planet, in 10³ km, as measured by the semimajor axis of the orbit
Eccentricity	Eccentricity of the orbit
Inclination	Inclination of the satellite orbit with respect to the equator of the planet
Mass	Mass of the satellite, in kg
Radius	Radius of the satellite, in km
Albedo	Geometric albedo, which is a measure of the fraction of incident sunlight reflected by the satellite

It should be noted that at least 79 satellites of Jupiter have been discovered, but not all have been verified. Included here are data on the first 49 of Jupiter's satellites. Because this is a very active field of research, the Internet sites listed below should be consulted for the most recent data.

References

Solar System Dynamics, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, <ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/phys_data>, June 2008.
The Planetary Society, <www.planetary.org/explore/topics/groups/our_solar_system/>.
Arnet, B., The Nine Planets, <www.nineplanets.org>.
Onasch, B., Our Solar System, <www.onasch.de/astro/>.
Sheppard, S. S., The Giant Satellite and Moon Page, <www.dtm.ciw.edu/sheppard/satellites/>.
Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, U.S. Geological Survey, <planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html>.
Seidelmann, P. K., Editor, Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA, 1992.
Lang, K. R., Astrophysical Data: Planets and Stars, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0640-5_3]
Allen, C. W., Astrophysical Quantities, Second Edition, Athlone Press, London, 1955.

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Satellites of the Planets

Planet	No.	Satellite	Orb. period/ Earth days	Distance/ 10³ km	Eccentricity	Inclination	Mass/ kg	Radius/ km	Albedo
Continued on next page...
Earth		Moon	27.321661	384.400	0.054900489	18.28–28.58°	7.3483·10²²	1737.5	0.12
Mars	I	Phobos	0.31891023	9.378	0.0151	1.0°	1.06·10¹⁶	13.5×10.8×9.4	0.07
Mars	II	Deimos	1.2624407	23.460	0.0005	0.9–2.7°	2.4·10¹⁵	7.5×6.1×5.5	0.07
Jupiter	I	Io	1.769137786	421.8	0.0041	0.04°	8.932·10²²	1821.6	0.63
Jupiter	II	Europa	3.551181041	671.1	0.0101	0.47°	4.8·10²²	1560.8	0.67
Jupiter	III	Ganymede	7.15455296	1070.4	0.0015	0.21°	1.4819·10²³	2631.2	0.43
Jupiter	IV	Callisto	16.6890184	1882.7	0.007	0.51°	1.0759·10²³	2410.3	0.17
Jupiter	V	Amalthea	0.49817905	181.4	0.003	0.40°	7.17·10¹⁸	131×73×67	0.09
Jupiter	VI	Himalia	250.5662	11460	0.162	27.63°	9.56·10¹⁸	85	0.04
Jupiter	VII	Elara	259.6528	11737	0.217	24.77°	7.77·10¹⁷	40	0.04
Jupiter	VIII	Pasiphae	743.63 R	23620	0.409	145°	1.91·10¹⁷	18	0.04
Jupiter	IX	Sinope	758.90 R	23940	0.250	153°	7.77·10¹⁶	14	0.04
Jupiter	X	Lysithea	259.20	11720	0.112	29.02°	7.77·10¹⁶	12	0.04
Jupiter	XI	Carme	734.17 R	23400	0.253	164°	9.56·10¹⁶	15	0.04
Jupiter	XII	Ananke	629.77 R	21280	0.244	147°	3.82·10¹⁶	10	0.04
Jupiter	XIII	Leda	240.92	11170	0.164	26.07°	5.68·10¹⁵	5	0.04
Jupiter	XIV	Thebe	0.6745	221.9	0.018	0.8°	7.77·10¹⁷	55×45	0.05
Jupiter	XV	Adrastea	0.29826	129	0.0015		1.91·10¹⁶	13×10×8	0.10
Jupiter	XVI	Metis	0.29478	128	0.0002		9.56·10¹⁶	20	0.06

^*In June 2008 the International Astronomical Union decided on the name plutoid for the category of transneptunian dwarf planets. Plutoids are celestial bodies in orbit around the Sun at a semimajor axis greater than that of Neptune and sufficiently massive to adopt a near-spherical shape. See <www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804/>.

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SATELLITES OF THE PLANETS

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