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Section: 14 | Solar Irradiance at the Earth |
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John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds," in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

SOLAR IRRADIANCE AT THE EARTH

Gregory W. Kopp

The solar luminosity (total radiant power emitted by the Sun) is 3.828·1026 W, which provides about 1361 W m–2 (the total solar irradiance) (Ref. 1). To a zeroth approximation, the Sun can be considered a black body with an effective temperature of 5772 K, which implies a peak in the spectrum at around 0.520 μm (5200 Å). The actual solar spectral emission is more complex, especially at ultraviolet and shorter wavelengths. The graph in Figure 1, with data from Ref. 2 spectrally resolved, summarizes the solar irradiance at 1 AU over the range 0.2 μm to 2.7 μm.

The solar irradiance undergoes both long-term and short-term variations. Figure 2, which is taken from Ref. 3 and is based on the methodology described in Ref. 4, shows the variation over the 1978–2020 period of spaceborne measurements. References 5-10 have additional data and background on the solar spectrum and solar irradiance.

References

  1. Kopp, G., and Lean, J. L., Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, 1, 2011. [https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045777]
  2. Coddington, O., et al., Earth and Space Science 6, 2525, 2019. [https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000693]
  3. See <http://spot.colorado.edu/~koppg/TSI>, accessed January 17, 2022. 
  4. Dudock de Wit, T., Kopp, G., Frölich, C., and Schöll, M, Geophys. Res. Lett 44, 1196, 2017. [https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071866]
  5. Jursa, A. S., Ed., Handbook of Geophysics and the Space Environment, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, 1985.
  6. Pierce, A. K., and Allen, R. G., The Solar Spectrum between 0.3 and 10 μm, in The Solar Output and Its Variation, White, O. R., Ed., Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, CO, 1977.
  7. Lang, K. R., Astrophysical Data. Planets and Stars, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0640-5_3]
  8. Hansen, J. E., and Sato, M., <www.columbia.edu/~mhs119/Solar>, 2011.
  9. Frohlich, C., and Lean, J., Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 12, 273, 2004. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1]
  10. Prša, A., et al., Nominal values for selected solar and planetary quantities: IAU 2015 Resolution B3, Astronomical Journal 152, 41, 2016. [https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41]

14_11_Solar_Spectrum_bw.jpg

FIGURE 1. Wavelength dependence of solar irradiance.

14_11_TSI_Composite_-_SIST_bw.jpg

FIGURE 2. Variation of solar irradiance in the period 1979–2020. 

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