Section: 15 | Laboratory Solvents and Other Liquid Reagents |

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LABORATORY SOLVENTS AND OTHER LIQUID REAGENTS

This table summarizes the properties of 574 liquids that are commonly used in the laboratory as solvents or chemical reagents. Column definitions for the table are as follows.

Column heading	Definition
Name	Name of solvent or reagent; liquids are listed in alphabetical order by name
Synonym	A synonym in common use. When the primary name is non-systematic, a systematic name may appear here
Mol. form.	Molecular formula of solvent or reagent
CAS Reg. No.	Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number for the compound
M_r	Molecular weight
t_mp	Melting point, in °C
t_bp	Normal boiling point, in °C
ρ	Density in g/mL at the temperature in °C indicated by the superscript
n	Refractive index at the temperature in °C indicated by the superscript
ε	Dielectric constant (permittivity) at the temperature in °C indicated by the superscript (otherwise at ambient temperature)
μ	Dipole moment in Debye units
*c_p*	Specific heat capacity of the liquid at constant pressure at 25 °C in J/g K
η	Viscosity in mPa s (1 mPa s = 1 centipoise) at 25 °C
P_vap (25 °C)	Vapor pressure at 25 °C in kPa (1 kPa = 7.50 mmHg)
t_FP	Flash point in °C
Flam. limits	Flammable (explosive) limits in air in percent by volume
t_IT	Autoignition temperature in °C
TWA and STEL	Threshold limits for allowable airborne concentration in parts per million by volume at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. TWA refers to a 8-hour time-weighted average and STEL to a short-term limit. More details on threshold limits can be found in Section 16.

Data on the temperature dependence of viscosity, dielectric constant, and vapor pressure can be found in the pertinent tables in Section 6.

References

Lide, D. R., Handbook of Organic Solvents, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
Lide, D. R., and Kehiaian, H. V., Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
Riddick, J. A., Bunger, W. B., and Sakano, T. K., Organic Solvents, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 11th Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1994.
Urben, P. G., Ed., Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1995.
2015 TLV’s and BEI’s, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 2015.

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Physical Properties of Common Solvents and Liquid Reagents

Name	Synonym	Mol. form.	CAS Reg. No.	M_r	t_mp/ºC	t_bp/ºC	ρ/g cm^-3	n	ε	μ/D	c_p(l)/J g^-1 K^-1	η(25 ºC)/mPa s	P_vap (25 °C)/kPa	t_FP/ºC	Flam. limits/%	t_IT/ºC	TWA/ppm	STEL/ppm
Continued on next page...
Acetaldehyde	Ethanal	C₂H₄O	75-07-0	44.052	-123.4	20.8	0.7834¹⁸	1.3316²⁰	21.0¹⁸	2.750	2.020		120	-39	4.0-60%	175		25
Acetic acid	Ethanoic acid	C₂H₄O₂	64-19-7	60.052	17	117.9	1.0510²⁰	1.3720²⁰	6.20²⁰	1.70	2.053	1.056	2.07	39	4.0-19.9%	463	10	15
Acetic anhydride	Acetyl acetate	C₄H₆O₃	108-24-7	102.089	-73.4	139.5	1.082²⁰	1.3901²⁰	22.45²⁰	≈2.8	1.648	0.843	0.680	49	2.7-10.3%	316	1	3
Acetone	2-Propanone	C₃H₆O	67-64-1	58.079	-94.9	56.08	0.7902²⁰	1.3588²⁰	21.01²⁰	2.88	2.175	0.306	30.8	-20	2.5-12.8%	465	250	500
Acetone cyanohydrin		C₄H₇NO	75-86-5	85.105	-19	180	0.932¹⁹	1.3992²⁰						74	2.2-12.0%	688
Acetonitrile	Methyl cyanide	C₂H₃N	75-05-8	41.052	-44	81.6	0.7825²⁰	1.3442³⁰	36.64²⁰	3.92519	2.229	0.369	11.9	6	3.0-16.0%	524	20
Acetophenone	Methyl phenyl ketone	C₈H₈O	98-86-2	120.149	19.4	202.1	1.0281²⁰	1.5372²⁰	17.44²⁵	3.02	1.703	1.681	0.049	77		570	10
Acetyl bromide	Ethanoyl bromide	C₂H₃BrO	506-96-7	122.948	-96.5	74	1.6625¹⁶	1.4486²⁰					16.2
Acetyl chloride	Ethanoyl chloride	C₂H₃ClO	75-36-5	78.497	-112.7	51	1.1051²⁰	1.3886²⁰	15.8²²	2.72	1.491	0.368	38.4	4		390
Acrolein	2-Propenal	C₃H₄O	107-02-8	56.063	-87.8	52.3	0.840²⁰	1.4017²⁰		^a			36.2	-26	2.8-31%	220		0.1
Acrylic acid	2-Propenoic acid	C₃H₄O₂	79-10-7	72.063	13.56	142	1.0511²⁰	1.4224²⁰			2.022		0.53	50	2.4-8.0%	438	2
Acrylonitrile	Propenenitrile	C₃H₃N	107-13-1	53.063	-83.51	77.2	0.8007²⁵	1.3911²⁰	33.0²⁰	3.92	2.05		14.1	0	3.0-17.0%	481	2
Allyl alcohol	2-Propen-1-ol	C₃H₆O	107-18-6	58.079	-129	96.9	0.8540²⁰	1.4135²⁰	19.7²⁰	1.60	2.392	1.218	3.14	21	2.5-18.0%	378	0.5
Allylamine	2-Propen-1-amine	C₃H₇N	107-11-9	57.095	-88.2	54	0.758²⁰	1.4205²⁰		≈1.2			33.1	-29	2.2-22%	374
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol	AMP	C₄H₁₁NO	124-68-5	89.136	25.5	163.8	0.934²⁰	1.449²⁰						67
3-Amino-1-propanol	Propanolamine	C₃H₉NO	156-87-6	75.109	12.1	185	0.9824²⁶	1.4617²⁰						80
Aniline	Benzenamine	C₆H₇N	62-53-3	93.127	-6.0	184.1	1.0250²⁰	1.5863²⁰	7.06²⁰	1.13	2.061	3.85	0.090	70	1.3-11%	615	2
Anisole	Methoxybenzene	C₇H₈O	100-66-3	108.138	-37.3	153.6	0.9940²⁰	1.5174²⁰	4.30²¹	1.38	1.840	1.056	0.472	52		475
Antimony(V) chloride	Antimony pentachloride	Cl₅Sb	7647-18-9	299.025	4	140 dec	2.34	1.5925²²	3.222²⁰

^aSee the table “Dipole Moments” in Section 9 for values for individual conformers.

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LABORATORY SOLVENTS AND OTHER LIQUID REAGENTS

References

Physical Properties of Common Solvents and Liquid Reagents

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