The normal boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure reaches standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa. Calculated values of the change in boiling point of organic liquids with small changes in pressure, Δt/Δp, are given in this table in units of °C kPa-1 and °C mmHg-1. The values from Ref. 1 were calculated from the representation of the vapor pressure by the Antoine equation,
ln p/p0 = A1 – A2/(T + A3)
where p is the vapor pressure in kPa, p0 is 101.325 kPa, T is the absolute temperature, and A1, A2, and A3 are constants, taken from Ref. 1. The correction to the boiling point is generally accurate to 0.1 °C to 0.2 °C as long as the pressure is within 10% of standard atmospheric pressure. Values from Ref. 2 were calculated from the REFPROP program, which employs a more sophisticated equation.
A slightly less accurate estimate of ∆t/∆p may be obtained from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, with the assumption that the change in volume upon vaporization equals the ideal-gas volume of the vapor. This leads to the equation,
∆t/∆p = RTbp2/[p0∆vapH(Tbp)]
where R is the molar gas constant, Tbp is the normal boiling point temperature (absolute), and ∆vapH(Tbp) is the molar enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point. Values of the last quantity may be obtained from the table “Enthalpy of Vaporization” in Section 6. Column definitions for the table are as follows.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (HBCP) contains over 700 tables in over 450 documents which may be divided into several pages, all categorised into 17 major subject areas. The search on this page works by searching the content of each page individually, much like any web search. This provides a challenge if you want to search for multiple terms and those terms exist on different pages, or if you use a synonym/abbreviation that does not exist in the document.
We use metadata to avoid some of these issues by including certain keywords invisibly behind each table. Whilst this approach works well in many situations, like any web search it relies in the terms you have entered existing in the document with the same spelling, abbreviation etc.
Since chemical compounds and their properties are immutable, a single centralised database has been created from all chemical compounds throughout HBCP. This database contains every chemical compound and over 20 of the most common physical properties collated from each of the >700 tables. What's more, the properties can be searched numerically, including range searching, and you can even search by drawing a chemical structure. A complete list of every document table in which the compound occurs is listed, and are hyperlinked to the relevant document table.
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Below is an example of a chemical entry, showing its structure, physical properties and document tables in which it appears.
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