Low-melting metals and alloys are often used to join and cast parts near or below room temperature. These metals can liquify and resolidify at lower temperatures, making it easier to avoid parts being exposed to high temperatures during processing. The table has the melting points for a number of these metals and alloys, including tin-, gallium-, bismuth-, and indium-based alloys, as well as a few others. Composition information is also given.
Useful expressions for correlations between the atomic and weight concentrations of alloy components are:
where f(a, Ai) and f(w, Ai) are the atomic and weight concentrations of component Ai , respectively, and Mi is the atomic weight of this component.
Metal or alloy system | Composition in weight % | Composition in atom % | Melting temperature (°C) | Comments | Ref. |
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Hg | 100 | 100 | -38.829 | ||
Cs–K | 77.0–23.0 | 50.0–50.0 | -37.5 | Eutectic (?) | 1 |
Cs–Na | 94.5–5.5 | 75.0–25.0 | -30.0 | Eutectic | 2 |
K–Na | 76.7–23.3 | 65.9–34.1 | -12.65 | Eutectic | 3 |
Na–Rb | 8.0–92.0 | 24.4–75.6 | -5 | Eutectic | 4 |
Ga–In–Sn | 62.5–21.5–16.0 | 73.6–15.3–11.1 | 11 | Eutectic | 5 |
Ga–Sn–Zn | 82.0–12.0–6.0 | 86.0–7.3–6.7 | 17 | Eutectic | 5 |
Cs | 100 | 100 | 28.44 | ||
Ga | 100 | 100 | 29.7646 | ||
K–Rb | 32.0–68.0 | 50–50 | 33 | Eutectic | 4 |
Bi–Cd–In–Pb–Sn | 44.7–5.3–19.1–22.6–8.3 | 35.1–8.2–27.3–17.9–11.5 | 46.7 | Eutectic | 6 |
Bi–In–Pb–Sn | 49.5–21.3–17.6–11.6 | 39.2–30.7–14.0–16.2 | 58.2 | Eutectic | 6 |
Bi–In–Sn | 32.5–51.0–16.5 | 21.1–60.1–18.8 | 60.5 | Eutectic | 7 |
K | 100 | 100 | 63.38 | ||
Bi–Cd–Pb–Sn | 50.0–12.5–25.0–12.5 | 41.5–19.3–21.0–18.2 | 70 | Wood’s alloy | 6 |
Bi–In | 33.0–67.0 | 21.3–78.7 | 72 | Eutectic | 8 |
Bi–Cd–Pb | 51.6–8.2–40.2 | 48.1–14.2–37.7 | 91.5 | Eutectic | 6 |
Bi–Pb–Sn | 52.5–32.0–15.5 | 46.8–28.7–24.5 | 95 | Eutectic | 6 |
Na | 100 | 100 | 97.8 |