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Section: 16 | Incompatible Chemicals |
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John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds," in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 103rd Edition (Internet Version 2022), John R. Rumble, ed., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS

The term “incompatible chemicals” refers to chemicals that can react with each other

Good laboratory safety practice requires that incompatible chemicals be stored, transported, and disposed of in ways that will prevent their coming together in the event of an accident. Tables 1 and 2 give some basic guidelines for the safe handling of acids, bases, reactive metals, and other chemicals. Neither of these tables is exhaustive, and additional information on incompatible chemicals can be found in the following references.

References

  1. Urben, P. G., Ed., Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1995.
  2. Luxon, S. G., Ed., Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, Fifth Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992.
  3. Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 11th Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1994.
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TABLE 1. General Classes of Incompatible Chemicals



AB
AcidsBases, reactive metals
Oxidizing agentsaReducing agentsa
   Chlorates   Ammonia, anhydrous and aqueous
   Chromates   Carbon
   Chromium trioxide   Metals
   Dichromates   Metal hydrides
   Halogens   Nitrites
   Halogenating agents   Organic compounds
   Hydrogen peroxide   Phosphorus
   Nitric acid   Silicon
   Nitrates   Sulfur
   Perchlorates
   Peroxides
   Permanganates
   Persulfates
  • aThe examples of oxidizing and reducing agents are illustrative of common laboratory chemicals; they are not intended to be exhaustive.


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TABLE 2. Examples of Incompatible Chemicals



ChemicalIs incompatible with
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Acetic acidChromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanaganates
AcetyleneChlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury
AcetoneConcentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures
Alkali and alkaline earth metals (such as powdered aluminum or magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium)Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens
Ammonia (anhydrous)Mercury (in manometers, for example), chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)
Ammonium nitrateAcids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials
AnilineNitric acid, hydrogen peroxide
Arsenical materialsAny reducing agent
AzidesAcids
BromineAmmonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine
Calcium oxideWater
Carbon (activated)Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents
Carbon tetrachlorideSodium
ChloratesAmmonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials
Chromic acid and chromium troixideAcetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable liquids in general
ChlorineAmmonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine
Chlorine dioxideAmmonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide
CopperAcetylene, hydrogen peroxide
Cumene hydroperoxideAcids (organic or inorganic)


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